These projections assume an interest rate that is historically low. If interest rates are higher than OMB expects, interest earned on the unobligated balance would be higher. Fines and penalties have generally contributed only a minor portion to the Superfund trust fund. If the appropriation language were enacted as proposed, the actual amount of general Treasury revenues would depend on the fund's starting balance and the appropriation ceiling enacted by Congress.
Regardless, the vast majority of the FY appropriation would come from general Treasury revenues. To estimate general revenue funding needs for Superfund in and later years, it is first necessary to identify future program needs. The study looked at all major elements of the Superfund program, including the removal program for emergency and short-term cleanups ; the remedial program long-term cleanup ; site assessment activities; program staff, management, and support costs; program administration; and Superfund-related work of other programs and agencies.
The authors developed alternative scenarios for estimating the number, type, and cost of sites likely to be added to the program in coming years. This was the report's "base case"—described as "our best judgement of the future cost of the Superfund program, given the full body of our research, analyses, and interviews.
There are at least three factors contributing to RFF's increased need projections. First, the fund's unobligated balance, which remained relatively high see Figure 1 during the years of Superfund taxes and the two fiscal years following the tax expiration , has decreased steadily since FY, reaching zero at the end of FY As discussed earlier, the current sources of the balance—cost recoveries, interest, and fees—provided significantly less funding support than the Superfund taxes.
Second, the amounts needed for cleanup were projected to increase beginning in FY, as numerous "mega sites" moved beyond the analysis and design phases and into actual construction of remedies. In the RFF analysis, the cost of remedial action was projected to remain above historic levels through FY, and the cost of the Superfund program as a whole was projected to remain above FY levels through at least FY Third, EPA's Office of Inspector General IG highlighted the concern that hardrock mining sites may have a significant financial impact on the trust fund.
Figure 2. Evidence from prior years indicates that in FY through FY, cleanup was delayed at numerous sites because of a lack of funds. The IG identified an additional 11 sites that could not begin construction because of a funding shortfall, and at least five other sites that did not receive their full funding request in that year.
Congress could increase appropriation levels, in order to meet the increased funding needs, such as those identified by RFF. In fact, between FY and FY, the President's Superfund budget proposals exceeded the annual amount that was subsequently appropriated by Congress.
Given RFF's projected funding needs for the Superfund program and the relatively minimal amounts available to the fund from sources other than general revenues, Congress will face competing interests if it attempts to appropriate all of Superfund's needs.
This could prove difficult in light of current interest in deficit reduction. The adequacy of funding for Superfund and whether to reinstate the Superfund taxes have generated substantial debate in recent years. In the past two Congresses, Members introduced several bills or amendments that sought to increase Superfund funding or reinstate the Superfund tax. Interest in these issues will likely continue in the th Congress. Johnson said that he opposed reimposing the tax on the chemical industry that was formerly used to fund the trust fund.
Instead, Johnson said he will seek to fund additional cleanups through "additional efficiency to be gained in the program. The Administration had not requested renewal of the taxes in its FY budget submission either, but the issue did not become particularly contentious, in part, perhaps, because the fund had a larger balance at the time.
In such cases, the statute permits EPA to proceed with cleanup using the trust fund's resources, locate PRPs after or during cleanup, and recover the cleanup costs from PRPs at a later date. Johnson stated that he will "keep the focus on responsible parties," noting that they are the ones who should pay, "not the taxpayers. This factor is important because sites must be on the NPL to qualify for long-term cleanup remedial assistance from the trust fund. Letter of October 25, , from Nikki L.
The data in the article were confirmed by EPA in a personal communication March 3, Topic Areas About Donate.
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Enquire with Aussie. Your enquiry has been sent to Aussie Home Loans. Also, according to EPA officials, EPA's actual costs are often higher than its estimates because contamination is often greater than expected. EPA allocates funds separately for preconstruction activities--such as remedial investigation and remedial design--and remedial actions.
EPA headquarters allocates funds for preconstruction activities to the regions for them to distribute among sites. For remedial actions, headquarters works in consultation with the regions to allocate funds to sites. Limited funding has delayed preconstruction activities and remedial actions at some sites, according to EPA officials.
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